Dose-response relationship between abamectin and mortality of Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

60-65In this study, the dose-response relationship between abamectin and mortality of larval and adult forms of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) was established. Abamectin was investigated at a dilution series of 1/1, 1/1.15, 1/1.35, 1/1.6, 1/2, 1/2.55, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 of its field recommended concentration, in order to calculate the ECi – values. Results showed that the lowest ECi – values were observed on larvae, which showed high sensitivity to abamectin than adults. Both statistical models led to satisfactory findings and the linear model was ranked as the best model for describing the dose-response relationship. This research highlighted the importance of toxicity risk assessments to obtain a more accurate estimation of the compatibility of abamectin in the integrated pest management (IPM) programs

L’effet de quatre variétés de pommier sur la biologie et la démographie de l’acarien rouge: Table de vie à deux sexes de Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The effect of four apple varieties on the development and reproduction of the European red spider mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) was studied under the controlled conditions of 25 ± 1 °C, Relative Humidity of 65 ± 5 % and photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). The age-stage two-sex life tables of P. ulmi on Golden Delicious, Red Shief, Jeromine and Gala varieties were constructed. Based on higher values of fecundities (38.5 and 35.1 eggs / female) and the intrinsic rates of increase (rm) of 0.1643 and 0.1521 day-1, Panonychus ulmi developed better on Golden Delicious and Red Shief among the varieties tested. Results show that the developmental time of female adults was shorter on Golden delicious and (11.2 days). Immature survival of P. ulmi was significantly higher on Golden delicious, Jeromine and Red Shief (79.1, 76.5 and 72.3 %,respectively), and lower on the Gala variety (64.5 %). In the light of these results, Panonychus ulmi develop and reproduce quickly on Golden Delicious and Red Shief varieties among the four varieties tested. Establishment of two-sex life tables of P. ulmi on apple varieties facilitates the rational management of this phytophagous mite according to the principles of integrated management. Keywords: Panonychus ulmi, life table, apple, fecundity, Development, ReproductionL’effet de quatre variétés de pommier sur le développement et la reproduction de Tétranyque rouge de pommier Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) a été étudié sous conditions contrôlées de 25 ± 1 °C, humidité relative de 65 ± 5% et photopériode de 16:8 (L:D). Les tables de vie à deux sexes de P. ulmi sur Golden delicious, Red Shief, Jeromine et la variété Gala ont été construites. En se basant sur les valeurs élevées de fécondités (38,5 et 35,1 œufs/femelle) et les taux intrinsèques de croissance (rm) de 0,1643 et 0,1521 jour-1, Panonychus ulmi s’est mieux développé sur Golden delicious et Red Shief que les autres variétés testées. Les résultats montrent aussi que le temps de développement total des femelles immatures était plus court sur Golden delicious (11,2 jours). La survie des immatures a été significativement élevée sur Golden Delicious, Jeromine et Red Shief (79,1; 76,5 et 72,3 %, respectivement) et faible sur la variété Gala (64,5 %). A la lumière de ces résultats, Panonychus ulmi se développe et se reproduit rapidement sur les variétés de Golden Delicious et Red Shief parmi les quatre variétés testées. L’établissement des tables de vie à deux sexes de P. ulmi sur les variétés de pommier facilite la gestion raisonnée de cet acarien phytophage conformément aux principes de la gestion intégrée. Mots clés: Panonychus ulmi, table de vie, pommier, fécondité, développement, reproductio

Mejora del valor nutricional y tiempo de almacenaje de patatas fritas en presencia de vitaminas con actividad antioxidante

The frying shelf life of commercial frying oil was increased by the addition of synthetic and natural antioxidants, e.g. TBHQ, retinyl palmitate and ascorbyl palmitate (antioxidant vitamins).The results revealed that TBHQ had the best effect in retarding the deteriorative effect of frying conditions throughout 24h of frying potato chips at 180±10 ºC followed by the effect of retinyl palmitate and the effect of ascorbyl palmitate compared to the control without any additives. Fried potato chips in oils either with or without antioxidant were collected during the first 8h of frying, divided into 3 main portions each portion had different treatment; 1) without any additives (control samples for fried potatoes resulting from the control oil or from oil containing TBHQ or containing retinyl or ascorbyl palmitate. 2) fortification of the above 4 samples with vitamin E (tocopherol) by dipping each of the resulting samples from the four frying trials separately in oil containing 0.1 % tocopherol. 3) fortification of each of the above mentioned samples with vitamin C by dispersing the mixture of fine salt and ascorbyl palmitate on the fried chips' surface and vigorous shaking in bags. The control samples and fortified samples were packed in aluminum bags and stored in an electric oven at 63±1 ºC . The storage ability of fried potatoes at 63±1 ºC was increased by the fortification with antioxidant vitamins either with vitamin E (tocopherol) or with vitamin C (ascorbyl palmitate) before packaging and storing at 63±1 ºC. The results indicated that potatoes fried in oil without any additives (control) had the lowest storage stability and that it was increased by the fortification with antioxidant vitamins, C or E. Potato chips fortified with vitamins A or C by frying in oil containing retinyl palmitate or ascorbyl palmitate and also in oil containing TBHQ had better storage ability at 63 ºC and this was also prolonged by the addition of vitamin E or C after the frying processes and before storing at 63 ºC in aluminium bags. This demonstrated the synergistic effect of the antioxidant vitamins which work either alone or complementary to each other along with the protective effect of the phenolic antioxidant (TBHQ) which protected these vitamins by supporting their antioxidant function.Mediante la adición de antioxidantes sintéticos y naturales, como TBHQ, retinil palmitato y ascorbil palmitato, es posible aumentar la estabilidad de aceites para la fritura comercial. Los resultados indican que TBHQ, seguido de retinil palmitato y ascorbil palmitato, en este orden, es el mejor para retrasar el deterioro de las condiciones para la fritura, 24 h a 180 °C , de patatas fritas cuando se compara con un control sin aditivos. Se tomaron muestras de patatas fritas en aceites con y sin vitaminas antioxidantes durante las primeras 8 horas de fritura, y se dividieron en tres porciones para someterlas a diferentes tratamientos: 1) sin aditivos (muestras control de patatas fritas con aceite control o con aceite que contenía TBHQ, retinil palmitato o ascorbil palmitato; 2) enriquecimiento de las cuatro muestras anteriores con vitamina E (tocoferol) mediante la inmersión de las patatas fritas en aceite con 0,1 % tocoferol; y 3) enriquecimiento de las muestras anteriores con vitamina C mediante la dispersión de una mezcla de sal fina y ascorbil palmitato sobre la superficie de las patatas fritas y agitación de las mismas en el interior de paquetes. Las muestras controles y enriquecidas se empaquetaron en paquetes de aluminio y fueron guardadas en un horno eléctrico a 63±1 ºC . La estabilidad de las patatas fritas a 63±1 ºC aumentó en presencia de vitamina E y de vitamina C antes del empaquetamiento y almacenamiento a esa temperatura. Las patatas fritas con aceite enriquecido en vitaminas A, C y TBHQ fueron las que mejor se conservaron a 63 ºC ; este efecto se prolongó mediante la adición de vitaminas E ó C después del proceso de fritura y antes de su almacenamiento a 63 ºC en paquetes de aluminio. Estos resultados demuestran el efecto sinérgico de vitaminas con actividad antioxidante que pueden actuar de manera independiente o complementaria a TBHQ, el cual además las protege en estas condiciones termo-oxidativas

Dose-response relationship between abamectin and mortality of Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

In this study, the dose-response relationship between abamectin and mortality of larval and adult forms of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) was established. Abamectin was investigated at a dilution series of 1/1, 1/1.15, 1/1.35, 1/1.6, 1/2, 1/2.55, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 of its field recommended concentration, in order to calculate the ECi – values. Results showed that the lowest ECi – values were observed on larvae, which showed high sensitivity to abamectin than adults. Both statistical models led to satisfactory findings and the linear model was ranked as the best model for describing the dose-response relationship. This research highlighted the importance of toxicity risk assessments to obtain a more accurate estimation of the compatibility of abamectin in the integrated pest management (IPM) program

Whole-genome sequence of a Mycobacterium goodii isolate from a pediatric patient in South Africa

We describe here the draft genome sequence of a Mycobacterium goodii isolate from a pediatric patient in Western Cape, South Africa. To our knowledge, this is the second reported genome of this rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterial species.http://genomea.asm.orgam2018Medical Microbiolog

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa

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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection